Kabhoni inoshandiswa (AC) inoreva zvinhu zvine kabhoni yakawanda zvine porosity yakakura uye kugona kusveta zvinogadzirwa kubva muhuni, makoko ekokonati, marasha, uye makoni, nezvimwewo. AC ndeimwe yezvinonyungudutsa zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana kubvisa tsvina yakawanda kubva mumvura nemhepo. Sezvo, AC yakagadzirwa kubva muzvigadzirwa zvekurima uye marara, yave iri imwe nzira yakanaka kune zvinhu zvisingadzoreki uye zvinodhura zvinoshandiswa kare. Pakugadzirira AC, maitiro maviri ekutanga, carbonization uye activation, anoshandiswa. Mukuita kwekutanga, zvinotangira zvinoiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, pakati pe400 ne850°C, kubvisa zvikamu zvese zvinoshanduka. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunobvisa zvikamu zvese zvisiri kabhoni kubva mukutanga senge hydrogen, oxygen, uye nitrogen muchimiro chemagasi nemata. Maitiro aya anoita kuti char ive nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni asi nzvimbo yakaderera uye porosity. Zvisinei, danho rechipiri rinosanganisira kushanda kwechar yakagadzirwa kare. Kuvandudzwa kwehukuru hwemaburi panguva yekushanda kunogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu: kuvhurwa kwemaburi aisambosvikika, kukura kwemaburi matsva nekushanda kwakasarudzwa, uye kuwedzera maburi aripo.
Kazhinji, nzira mbiri, dzepanyama nedzemakemikari, dzinoshandiswa pakuita kuti pave nechinhu chinoda nzvimbo yepamusoro uye porosity. Kuita kuti pave nechinhu chinoda kushanda kunosanganisira kuita kuti pave necarbonized char uchishandisa magasi anooxidating akadai semhepo, carbon dioxide, uye steam pakupisa kwakanyanya (pakati pe650 ne900°C). Carbon dioxide inowanzo shandiswa nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakachena, nyore kubata, uye maitiro ekudzora ekuita kuti pave nechinhu chinoda kushanda ari pa800°C. Kufanana kwemapore akawanda kunogona kuwanikwa nekuita kuti pave necarbon dioxide kana tichienzanisa nesteam. Zvisinei, pakuita kuti pave nechinhu chinoda kushanda, steam inonyanya kufarirwa kana tichienzanisa necarbon dioxide sezvo AC ine nzvimbo yakakwirira inogona kugadzirwa. Nekuda kwehukuru hudiki hwemvura, kupararira kwayo mukati mechimiro chechar kunoitika zvakanaka. Kuita kuti pave nechinhu chinoda kushanda kwakawanikwa kuri pamusoro kaviri kusvika katatu pane carbon dioxide ine mwero wakafanana wekuchinja.
Zvisinei, nzira yemakemikari inosanganisira kusanganisa zvinhu zvinotanga kushanda nezvinhu zvinosimbisa (NaOH, KOH, uye FeCl3, nezvimwewo). Zvinhu izvi zvinosimbisa kushanda sezvinokonzera makemikari pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinobvisa mvura mumuviri. Munzira iyi, carbonization uye activation zvinoitwa panguva imwe chete patembiricha yakaderera ye300-500°C zvichienzaniswa neyakajairika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinokanganisa kuora kwe pyrolytic uye, zvinoguma nekuwedzera kwechimiro chine maburi uye goho re carbon rakawanda. Mabhenefiti makuru enzira yemakemikari kupfuura yepanyama inodiwa patembiricha yakaderera, zvimiro zve microporosity yakawanda, nzvimbo yakakura, uye nguva shoma yekupedzisa reaction.
Kubudirira kwenzira yekushandiswa kwemakemikari kunogona kutsanangurwa zvichibva pamuenzaniso wakarongwa naKim nevamwe vake [1] maererano neanowanikwa ma microdomain akasiyana-siyana anokonzera kuumbwa kwema micropores muAC. Kune rumwe rutivi, mesopores anogadzirwa munzvimbo dze intermicrodomain. Mukuyedza, vakagadzira activated carbon kubva ku phenol-based resin nemakemikari (vachishandisa KOH) uye physical (vachishandisa steam) activation (Mufananidzo 1). Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidza kuti AC yakagadzirwa neKOH activation yaive nenzvimbo yepamusoro ye2878 m2/g zvichienzaniswa ne2213 m2/g nekushandiswa kwe steam. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sehukuru hwe pore, nzvimbo yepamusoro, vhoriyamu ye micropore, uye avhareji ye pore width zvese zvakawanikwa zviri nani mumamiriro ekushanda kweKOH zvichienzaniswa nekushandiswa kwe steam.
Musiyano uripo pakati peAC Yakagadzirwa kubva pakushandiswa kwemhepo (C6S9) uye kushandiswa kweKOH (C6K9), zvichiteerana, yakatsanangurwa maererano nemuenzaniso we microstructure.
Zvichienderana nehukuru hwezvimedu uye nzira yekugadzirira, inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu: AC inofambiswa nemagetsi, AC ine granular, uye AC ine bead. AC inofambiswa nemagetsi inoumbwa kubva kuma granules akapfava ane saizi ye 1 mm ane avhareji yedhayamita ye 0.15-0.25 mm. AC ine granular yakakura uye ine nzvimbo shoma yekunze. AC ine granular inoshandiswa kune akasiyana-siyana liquid phase uye gaseous phase applications zvichienderana nehukuru hwayo. Kirasi yechitatu: bead AC inowanzo gadzirwa kubva papetroleum pitch ine dhayamita iri pakati pe 0.35 kusvika 0.8 mm. Inozivikanwa nesimba rayo repamusoro uye guruva shoma. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemvura semvura nekuda kwechimiro chayo chedenderedzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-18-2022