Activated Carbon Classification uye Key Applications
Nhanganyaya
Activated kabhoni imhando ine porous yakawanda yekabhoni ine nzvimbo yakakura yepasi, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka adsorbent yezvakasiyana zvinosvibisa. Kugona kwayo kubata tsvina kwakakonzera kushandiswa kwakapararira mune zvakatipoteredza, maindasitiri, uye zvekurapa zvikumbiro. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora kupatsanurwa kwayo uye mashandisirwo akakosha mune zvakadzama.
Nzira dzekugadzira
Activated kabhoni inogadzirwa kubva ku-carbon-rich zvinhu senge makonati mateko, huni, marasha, kuburikidza nemaitiro maviri makuru:
- Carbonization-Kupisa iyo mbishi munzvimbo isina okisijeni kuti ubvise makomba anoputika.
- Activation-Kuwedzera porosity kuburikidza:
Physical activation(uchishandisa chipfu kana CO₂)
Kemikari activation(uchishandisa acids kana mabhesi akaita se phosphoric acid kana potassium hydroxide)
Sarudzo yezvinhu uye activation nzira inosarudza iyo kabhoni yekupedzisira zvimiro.
Kurongwa kweActivation Carbon
Activated carbon inogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana ne:
1. Chimiro Chemuviri
- Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)- Fine particles (<0.18 mm) anoshandiswa mune yemvura-chikamu kurapwa, senge kucheneswa kwemvura uye decolorization.
- Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)- Makuru magranules (0.2-5 mm) anoshandiswa mugasi uye mvura kusefa masisitimu.
- Pelletized Activated Carbon- Yakadzvanywa cylindrical pellets yemhepo uye vapor-chikamu chekushandisa.
Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF)-Mucheka kana fomu rekunzwa, rinoshandiswa mumasiki egasi masks uye kudzoreredza kwesolvent.
- 2. Source Material
- Coconut Shell-Yakavakirwa- Yakakwira microporosity, yakanakira gasi adsorption (semuenzaniso, kufema, kudzoreredza goridhe).
- Wood-Based- Mahombe pores, anowanzo shandiswa mukubvisa mavara zvinwiwa seshuga masyrups.
- Coal-Based- Inodhura-inoshanda, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhepo yeindasitiri uye kurapwa kwemvura.
3. Kukura kwePore
- Microporous (<2 nm)-Inoshanda kumamorekuru madiki (semuenzaniso, kuchengetedza gasi, kubviswa kweVOC).
- Mesoporous (2–50 nm)-Inoshandiswa mune yakakura molecule adsorption (semuenzaniso, kubvisa dhayi).
- Macroporous (>50 nm)-Inoita sefa-firita kudzivirira kuvhara mumishonga yemvura.
- Kunwa Mvura Yekuchenesa- Inobvisa chlorine, organic zvinosvibisa, uye kunhuwa kwakashata.
- Wastewater Treatment- Masefa maindasitiri emvura, mishonga, uye zvinorema simbi (semuenzaniso, mercury, lead).
- Aquarium Filtration- Inochengetedza mvura yakachena nekuisa muchetura.
2. Mhepo & Gasi Kucheneswa
- Indoor Air Filters- Misungo inoputika organic compounds (VOCs), utsi, uye hwema.
- Industrial Gas Cleaning- Inobvisa zvinosvibisa sehydrogen sulfide (H₂S) kubva mukunatsa zvinobuda.
- Automotive Applications-Inoshandiswa mumotokari kabhini mafirita emhepo uye mafuta vapor kudzoreredza masisitimu.
3. Kushandiswa Kwekurapa & Kwemishonga
- Poison & Overdose Kurapa-Emergency antidote yekuwedzeredza zvinodhaka (semuenzaniso, mahwendefa emarasha akaiswa).
- Kupfeka Kwemaronda-Antimicrobial activated carbon fibers inodzivirira kutapukira.
4. Food & Beverage Indasitiri
- Decolorization- Inonatsa shuga, mafuta emiriwo, uye zvinwiwa zvinodhaka.
- Kuwedzera Flavour- Inobvisa zvinonaka zvisingadiwe mumvura yekunwa nemujusi.
5. Industrial & Specialty Uses
- Goridhe Recovery- Inobvisa goridhe kubva kune cyanide mhinduro mumigodhi.
- Solvent Recycling- Inodzoreredza acetone, benzene, uye mamwe makemikari.
- Gas Storage-Inochengeta methane nehydrogen mumashandisirwo emagetsi.
Mhedziso
Activated carbon chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chine mabasa akakosha mukuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, hutano hwehutano, uye maindasitiri maitiro. Kubudirira kwayo kunoenderana nechimiro chayo, sosi zvinhu, uye pore chimiro. Kufambira mberi mune ramangwana kune chinangwa chekuvandudza kusimba kwayo, senge kuigadzira kubva mumarara ekurima kana kuvandudza nzira dzekuvandudza.
Sezvo matambudziko epasi rose sekushomeka kwemvura uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunowedzera, activated carbon icharamba ichiita basa rakakosha. Zvishandiso zvenguva yemberi zvinogona kuwedzera kuita minda iri kusimukira senge kabhoni yekubata kudzikamisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kana epamberi kusefa masisitimu ekubvisa microplastic.
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Nguva yekutumira: Jul-10-2025