Kupatsanurwa kweKabhoni Yakagadzirwa uye Mashandisirwo Akakosha
Nhanganyaya
Kabhoni inoshandiswa mukushanda imhando yekabhoni ine maburi akawanda ine nzvimbo yakakura pamusoro, zvichiita kuti ive inonyungudutsa tsvina dzakasiyana-siyana. Kukwanisa kwayo kubata tsvina kwakaita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, maindasitiri, uye kurapa. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora kupatsanurwa kwayo uye mashandisirwo ayo akakosha zvakadzama.
Nzira dzekugadzira
Kabhoni inoshandiswa inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakapfuma mu carbon zvakaita sema coconut shells, huni, marasha, kuburikidza nemaitiro maviri makuru:
- Kugadzira Carbon– Kupisa zvinhu zvisina kubikwa munzvimbo isina okisijeni kubvisa zvinhu zvinoputika.
- Kushanda- Kuwedzera porosity kuburikidza ne:
Kushanda kwemuviri(uchishandisa steam kana CO₂)
Kushanda kwemakemikari(kushandisa maasidhi kana mabhesi akaita sephosphoric acid kana potassium hydroxide)
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye nzira yekushanda ndiyo inosarudza hunhu hwekupedzisira hwekabhoni.
Kurongwa kweActivated Carbon
Kabhoni inoshandiswa inogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana ne:
1. Chimiro Chemuviri
- Kabhoni Yakagadziriswa neUpfu (PAC)– Zvidimbu zvitete (<0.18 mm) zvinoshandiswa mukurapa kwemvura, zvakaita sekuchenesa mvura uye kubvisa ruvara.
- Kabhoni Yakagadziriswa Granular (GAC)– Magranule makuru (0.2–5 mm) anoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekusefa gasi nemvura.
- Kabhoni Yakagadziriswa– Mapellets akamanikidzwa ecylindrical ekushandisa mumhepo uye mupfudze.
Fiber yeKabhoni Yakagadziriswa (ACF)– Chimiro chejira kana felt, chinoshandiswa mumasiki egasi akagadzirwa nehunyanzvi uye kudzoreredza solvent.
- 2. Manyuko ezvinyorwa
- Yakavakirwa pagoko rekokonati– Kuwanda kwema microporosity, kwakanakira kunyudzwa kwegasi (semuenzaniso, ma respirators, gold recovery).
- Yakavakirwa pahuni– Maburi makuru, anowanzo shandiswa mukubvisa ruvara rwezvinwiwa zvakaita semanyuchi eshuga.
- Yakavakirwa paMarasha- Inodhura zvishoma, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchenesa mhepo nemvura mumaindasitiri.3. Saizi yePore
- Maburi madiki (<2 nm)- Inoshanda pamamorekuru madiki (semuenzaniso, kuchengetwa kwegasi, kubviswa kweVOC).
- Mesoporous (2–50 nm)- Inoshandiswa mukunyungudutsa mamorekuru makuru (semuenzaniso, kubvisa dhayi).
- Macroporous (>50 nm)– Inoshanda sesefa yekutanga kudzivirira kuvharika kwemvura inogadzirwa.
- Kucheneswa kwemvura yekunwa– Inobvisa chlorine, tsvina yeorganic, uye hwema hwakaipa.
- Kurapa Mvura Yakasviba– Inosefa tsvina yemumaindasitiri, mishonga, uye simbi dzinorema (semuenzaniso, mercury, lead).
- Kusefa kweAquarium– Inochengetedza mvura yakachena nekusveta chepfu.2. Kucheneswa kweMhepo neGasi
- Mafirita Emhepo Emukati– Inobata zvinhu zvinonyungudika zve organic (VOCs), utsi, uye hwema.
- Kuchenesa Gasi reMaindasitiri- Inobvisa tsvina yakaita sehydrogen sulfide (H₂S) kubva mumhepo inoburitswa mufekitori.
- Zvikumbiro zveMotokari- Inoshandiswa mumafirita emhepo mumotokari uye mumasisitimu ekudzoreredza utsi hwemafuta.3. Mashandisirwo Ekurapa Nemishonga
- Kurapa Chepfu & Kupfuura Mwero– Mushonga wekukurumidzira wekushandisa zvinodhaka zvakadarika mwero (semuenzaniso, mapiritsi echarcoal activated).
- Maronda Ekuvhara– Mafiber ecarbon anoshandiswa nehutachiona anodzivirira hutachiona.4. Indasitiri yezvekudya nezvinonwiwa
- Kubvisa ruvara- Inonatsa shuga, mafuta emuriwo, nezvinwiwa zvinodhaka.
- Kuvandudza Kunaka– Inobvisa kunaka kusingadiwe mumvura yekunwa nemajusi.5. Mashandisirwo Emaindasitiri Nehunyanzvi
- Kudzorerwa Kwegoridhe– Inoburitsa goridhe kubva mu cyanide solutions mumigodhi.
- Kudzokorodza Zvinyungudutswa- Inodzoreredza acetone, benzene, nemamwe makemikari.
- Kuchengetera Gasi– Inochengeta methane nehydrogen mukushandiswa kwesimba.
Mhedziso
Kabhoni inoshandiswa mukushanda inokwanisa kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana ine mabasa akakosha mukuchengetedza nharaunda, hutano, uye mashandiro emaindasitiri. Kushanda kwayo zvakanaka kunoenderana nechimiro chayo, kwainobva zvinhu, uye magadzirirwo emaburi. Kufambira mberi mune ramangwana kunovavarira kuvandudza kugara kwayo kwenguva refu, zvakaita sekuigadzira kubva mumarara ekurima kana kuvandudza nzira dzekuvandudza mashandiro ayo.
Sezvo matambudziko epasi rose akadai sekushaikwa kwemvura nekusvibiswa kwemhepo zvichiwedzera, kabhoni inoshandiswa icharamba ichiita basa rakakosha. Mashandisirwo emangwana anogona kuwedzera munzvimbo dziri kubuda dzakadai sekutora kabhoni yekuderedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kana masisitimu ekusefa epamusoro ekubvisa microplastic.
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Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-10-2025